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Paris: Macron said Russian hackers are targeting his campaign (Photo: Lisa Kline1)

Russia’s cyber war: past, present, and future

News reports about Russian hackers infiltrating one country or another are now a daily occurrence. \n \nSome of these attacks are more significant than others, such as the Russian assault on the American election of 2016. Now France and Germany are voicing concerns that their elections may be the next target. \n \nOther serious incidents involve cyber attacks on critical infrastructure, such as the power grid in western Ukraine.\n \nIn this context, it is instructive to revisit the beginnings...

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The views expressed in this opinion piece are the author’s, not those of EUobserver

Author Bio

Andrew Rettman is EUobserver's Foreign Affairs Editor. He has been writing about foreign and security affairs for EUobserver since 2005. He is Polish but grew up in the UK. He has also written for The Guardian, The Telegraph, and The Times of London.

Paris: Macron said Russian hackers are targeting his campaign (Photo: Lisa Kline1)

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Author Bio

Andrew Rettman is EUobserver's Foreign Affairs Editor. He has been writing about foreign and security affairs for EUobserver since 2005. He is Polish but grew up in the UK. He has also written for The Guardian, The Telegraph, and The Times of London.

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