Finland spearheads EU plan for digital revolution

"This implies managing successful transition towards a digitally-driven and sustainable European economy and an offensive industrial policy to innovate and remain globally competitive," they noted.

"The focus should be towards mainstreaming and strengthening services, especially digital services and data economy as an integral part of the single market," they added.

Their mention of "an offensive industrial policy" echoed a recent Franco-German manifesto on creating "European champions" - mega-firms capable of competing with US or Chinese giants on the world stage.

The manifesto was published on 19 February in the wake of a recent European Commission decision to block a merger between German and French railway firms on anti-monopoly grounds - a move described as "stupid" by French economy minister Bruno Le Maire at the time.

The EU-17 letter and the Franco-German ideas are meant to shape the drafting of EU summit conclusions on single market priorities for the next five years when EU leaders meet in Brussels March.

"The Fins took the initiative ... the council conclusions will start being drafted [by EU officials] next week, so if you want them to incorporate your ideas, you have to act now," an EU diplomat told EUobserver.

The EU-17 paper put a strong accent on labour mobility after France, last year, pushed to restrict the rights of workers from low-pay countries, such as Poland, to provide services in wealthier states in western Europe.

"Remaining barriers from labour and learning mobility [should be] removed," it said.

"As industry value chains are highly dependent on services, it is necessary to remove remaining cross-border obstacles as well as to prevent any new barriers and risk of fragmentation in this regard," it added.

"Mutual recognition of professional qualifications should be guaranteed," it said.

The Finnish-led proposals also put a stronger accent than France or Germany on ethical and environmental standards.

"The EU should become a globally significant actor in artificial intelligence and set global standards in ethics," it said.

The digital metamorphosis required "free flow of data" in the EU, but this ought to respect people's "rights" and "privacy", it noted.

"The practices of human-centred and ethical data management should be further strengthened," it said.

"Transition" to a "low-carbon economy", was also a priority, it added.

"The EU should focus on finding solutions that enable the EU to meet its climate and energy targets cost-efficiently [and] enhance energy security," it said.

New coalition minus UK

The signatories of the Finnish paper also included the leaders of Belgium, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Sweden.

The fact the UK, which normally acts in concord with pro-free market states such as the Nordic countries and the Netherlands, did not join showed that the group was losing an important ally due to Brexit.

The absence of Hungary, which normally acts in concord with central European states, highlighted its pariah status under the authoritarian rule of Viktor Orban.

The inclusion of Poland, which is, like Hungary, under an EU sanctions procedure due to its government's abuse of rule of law, indicated that Warsaw wanted to remain part of the European mainstream.

The Poles signed up to the "low-carbon" idea despite the fact they have tried to protect their coal industry from EU climate targets in recent years.

Polish officials also tried to spin the paper as a counter-blast to Franco-German protectionism of their labour markets.

Polish spin

But the EU diplomat said most of the other signatories did not see it that way.

"It's not a reaction to the Franco-German proposals ... the Fins have been promoting similar ideas for years," the diplomat said.

"The letter and the [Franco-German] manifesto are both about ensuring that the single market is ready for competition and about integrating industrial policy with broader EU goals," they added.

"The EU should reflect on how to better link single market policies with other policies to foster sustainable growth including economic, environmental as well as social sustainability," the EU-17 letter said.